Outline in a 1,500 words the characteristics of Social Media and Coursework

Outline in a 1,500 words the characteristics of Social Media and Generation Y and the close relationship between the two with a case example - Coursework Example 89). The paper will reveal the characteristics of social media and the generation Y and will advance to show the close linkage between social media and this generation based on a case example on how social media has facilitated product e-marketing and will go a notch higher to reveal the pros and cons resulting from e-marketing such as increased sales and fraudulent and scamming acts through giving a platform for the scammers and the fraudsters which are mainly the generation Y’s component. Identity distortion is a major issue in social media as people misuse this platform and hide their identities as they try to investigate on other peoples’ ware bouts and will get every detail of the targeted people which is later used to advance their ill motives on such victims. The belief on the existence of the data shadows has made it possible for the monitoring previous transactions made by web user online which are the generated into data necessary for follow ups. An explanation to the definition of social media can be highlighted as situation recently taking over the web presenting a more expansive exposure in respect to degree of connectivity and social networking that facilitates the continuous conveyance of information through the feedback and contribution of web users belonging to any given virtual community. This is a generation that is also known as Millenniums or Echo Boomers which precedes generation X and preceded by generation Z. generation Y is estimated to entail the youths born between the years 1977 and 2000. It is not clear as some state that this generation should the people born between 1978 and 1989. Due to this dissenting explanation is extended to include the age bracket from 1977 to 2000 (Bondarouk & Olivas-Lujan 2013, p. 111). According to Strauss and Howe, the period between 1982 and 2004 formed the bracket of the generation Y in USA. Social media has increased intimacy among the people as people are daily connected via the

Factors to consider when designing a web site Essay Example for Free

Factors to consider when designing a web site Essay Due to the high rate of competition and technology advance, any website creating company aims at giving its costumers a product they will enjoy using. Lafleur trading company a website developing company is not left behind i doing so. In their quest to satisfy their customers they needed to upgrade their way of developing website. To enable them do this lafleur reflected on factors to consider when designing a website. To start with, the company realised they need to find out if they are designing a particular website who was their immediate users, what they would expect to find in that particular web site and the easiness of getting what they want. This will be determined by the interphase of the website that is what colours to use, how easy is it to navigate between lafleur website and any related website that might contain contact information about a product advertised in their website (Vu Proctor, 2011). Designing a unique product is an important point to consider. In order to get attention of many audience give them a different product than what they are used to but one that serves the purpose better than the previous one. This can be achieved by use of different colours but attractive ones ( a page should not contain more than three colours) use of graphics and relevant pictures of what you are advertising also will make the web site more user friendly The most important point to put inconsideration is to test your website for errors. Website should be consistent to use and error prone. Contact information pertaining the website should provided so that customers are able to access online information when they so require. Lastly feedback methods to get customers views should be put in place to get customers potion about websites designed by Lafleur Company. Reference Vu, K.-P. L., Proctor, R. W. (2011). Handbook of human factors in Web design. Boca Raton: CRC Press Source document

What is the Function of a Social Contract? Essay -- essays research pa

What is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s). The basic concept of a social contract is for members of society to enter into a voluntary contract, which allows society to go from a state of nature to a state of civilisation. What is meant by a state of nature is quite similar to how the rest of the animal kingdom works. A person ¡Ã‚ ¦s security depends on his or her own personal power. The fittest survive and the weakest suffer. Every person is concerned with his or her own ends. Plato outlined two types of contract within society. These were the contract of citizenship and the contract of community. The contract of citizenship was tackled in Crito. He regarded it as a contract made by each individual citizen with the state or law. If a man is to remain in a political society he will have to accept its obligations for he has enjoyed it privileges and benefits. The contract of community was covered in Republic Book II. This theory is based on the assumption the man is an egoist. With this assumption of  ¡Ã‚ ¥every man for himself ¡Ã‚ ¦ it is likely that he would either cause harm to others or sustain harm from others and therefore there would be a need to combat this. Thomas Hobbes published his work, the leviathan, which included theories of a social contract. His view is very similar to Plato ¡Ã‚ ¦s in regards to contract of community. He felt that there was a need for members of a society to Curtail the war of all against all and without these theories this war would spiral out of control with everyone competing against scarce resources. He talks about how a person ¡Ã‚ ¦s strength is all that protects them from others. The only way he saw fit to counter this predicament would be for a person to voluntarily agree to a contract where their natural freedom is given up in return for personal security. This freedom would be give up to the supreme authority, the Leviathan, which would serve as a  ¡Ã‚ ¥common pow... ...ction to relatives and close associates. The theory of general will also has problems. What can protect society from unjust rulers who say they are working in the way of general will? General will does not allow for difference in taste. It also identifies moral obligation with general interest. This is a problem because people may have similar morals but have different interest. The rulers can also work with regards to the interest of the state but not with regards to morals. Bibliography Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leviathan; Thomas Hobbes edited by Richard Tuck; 1991; Cambridge University Press Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rousseau ¡Ã‚ ¦s Political Philosophy; Ramon M Lemos; 1977; University of Georgia Press Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Second Treatise of Government; John Locke edited by Thomas P Peardon; 1952; Bobbs and Merrill company inc. Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Problems of Political Philosophy revised edition; DD Raphael; 1976; Macmillan Press ltd. Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Social Contract and Discourses; Jean Jacques Rousseau translated by GDH Cole; 1973; JM Dent and Sons ltd. Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right second edition revised; Jean Jacques Rousseau translated by Henry J Tozer; 1898; Swan Sonnenschein and Co.

John Holt Essay

â€Å"By Friday you need to have the first 350 pages read in the novel and a written summary.† Do you remember being told that all the time in school? Teachers expecting us to read large amounts in a short period of time, they don’t think it is too much because they love reading. Well John Holt wrote a really good article about his thoughts called â€Å"Making Children Hate Reading.† Making Children Hate Reading is a good article because he uses real life situations and compares his thoughts to others but using several different examples, such as Mark Twain’s work. John Holt was a fifth grade English teacher. He once felt that he needed to push reading on his students so they would grow up into a world of great vocabulary and knowledge. Vocabulary tests and quizzes on the stories. He also encouraged them to look up every word in the dictionary that they were not sure of the meaning. Once confronted by his sister, who had a rough situation with her sons seventh grade teacher, he began to see what he was doing. John saw that he was pushing these kids further from the desire to read than he thought. People cannot be forced to do something they do not want to do over and over again because they will grow to hate it. They might still do it anyways but just not put any effort into it. â€Å"My sister answered that until this class her boy had always loved reading, and had read a lot on his own; now he had stopped. (He was not really to start again for many years.)† (Holt) Holt also describes how people become almost â€Å"scared† of reading. He talks as though someone who is humiliated about something or does something wrong and gets punished for it in some manner will most likely never do it again. That goes for reading as well. Being pushed over and over to read excessive amounts or write long essays they will either A) love it or B) hate it. Once a young child hates something they will fear it for a very long time. Holt uses info from one of Mark Twain’s quotes; â€Å"Mark Twain once said that a cat that sat on a hot stove lid would never sit on one again, but it would never sit on a cold one either. As true of children as of cats. If they, so to speak, sit on a hot book a few times, if books cause them humiliation and pain, they are likely to decide that the safest thing to do is to leave all books alone.† I believe each teacher needs to come up with their own ways to make their class run for every student. Not every student will enjoy everything they do but at some point they should all be able to say â€Å"I really had fun today.† Or â€Å"What I just learned was very interesting.† Not every teacher is going to understand each student’s level of intelligence, but it helps to try. Each individual student comes from a different home, some where parents were strict making them read in their free time or study flash cards and others probably just didn’t care. Now if each teacher had their own unique way of teaching a subject then the student would remain on their toes and ready to see what is next. Imagine being in a class room and every day the teacher just lectured; hearing the same message every day, in the same tone, about the same topic. Even that sentence was boring. Its gets old and people begin to tune out, it may seem they are paying attention but in their head they are really thinking about how the Bulls finally won last night, or what they wanted to eat when they got home.

Martin’s Textiles

Case #1- Martin’s Textiles The survival of Martin’s Textiles is very much in doubt with the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which would not only eliminate tariffs but also allow an increase in the quota for Canada and Mexico to ship textiles to the United States. Compounding the issue, Martin’s Textiles has been registering small losses the past several years and is in danger of losing major customers. Therefore, John Martin, CEO of Martin’s Textiles, has to decide whether to move production of his company to Mexico in order to lower labor costs or keep production in the United States, where the company has good labor relations with its employees. In regards to the dilemma that Martin’s Textiles face, I would recommend that the company move its production base to Mexico in order to lower labor costs and stay competitive within the industry. Martin’s Textiles was founded in 1910 and has spanned four generations of the Martin family. However, with the implementation of NAFTA, all tariffs between the United States, Canada, and Mexico would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years with most tariffs cut in 5 years. Especially impactful for Martin’s Textiles was the plan’s provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries would be removed within 10 years. Even more devastating for the textile industry was that the quota for Mexico and Canada to ship clothing and textiles to the United States each year would rise slightly over the first five years of the agreement. Thus, many textile competitors moved operations to Mexico in response to increased cost competition since the textile industry involved low-skilled and labor-intensive business. In order to cut costs, John Martin needed to lower his labor costs and the only surefire way to do so would be to move production south to Mexico. However, Martin’s textiles has always had great labor relations with its workers and John Martin prided himself on knowing most of the names of employees and even knowing family circumstances of the longtime employees. Therefore, John Martin needed to decide whether to move production down south to Mexico to save costs and keep up with the competition or keep production in the United States where the company has developed strong employee relations. In evaluating what decision John Martin should make, there are several factors that he must consider. The first issue is the economic costs of the business. In the manufacturing industry, work is defined as low-skilled but labor-intensive and thus costs are driven by wage rates and labor productivity. Therefore, it is not so difficult to find workers that are able to work in the textile industry but the challenge in recruiting workers is that the work is very labor intensive. In evaluating the cost of labor, it is important to find workers willing to work for low wages and also ones that are self-motivated and have high workmanship. In addition, another factor to consider is the social costs. As mentioned above, Martin’s Textiles has strong employee relations and thus workers are loyal and have high workmanship. Thus, would the company’s brand take a hit by moving production to Mexico and releasing 1,500 employees, many of whom have been with the company for many years. On the other side, how would Mexican workers respond to the working culture of Martin’s Textiles and would workers show the same loyalty and workmanship that the current employees show? Finally, one has to consider the competitors and rival products when evaluating this decision. What are your competitors doing and how are their products compared to yours in terms of pricing and quality. In evaluating whether Martin’s Textiles should shift production to Mexico or stay in the United States, I believe that the best choice would be to move production plants to Mexico instead of keeping production in the United States. In looking at both alternatives through a SWOT analysis (for a diagram view look at Appendix A and B), it is evident that moving production to Mexico is the more desirable option. First we will look at the option to keep production in the United States, where there are several strengths in this decision. Martin’s Textiles would be able to maintain its strong labor relationship with employees that is has built over the years and consequently not have to deal with labor disputes. Also, the company would not have to invest additional resources in building or purchasing a production plant in Mexico as well as having to move equipment down south. In the short run, they would be able to enjoy the benefits of tariffs in trade. But there are also weaknesses to this decision as well. For one, the company would have to deal with cheap imports coming from Asia and now Mexico since those countries have the advantage of cheaper labor. Also, the company would not have the benefits of a trade barrier with the enactment of NAFTA. Whereas before, the company could justify having higher prices since cheaper imports were subjected to quotas and tariffs; now the higher costs that Martin’s Textiles employed would no longer be protected. Thus, Martin’s Textiles could lose a lot of its clientele since many could opt for cheaper alternatives with the same quality. Additionally, the tariff barrier will be rescinded within 10 years creating further problems for Martin’s Textiles if it is still operating. An opportunity that could arise if Martin’s Textiles decided to remain in the United States would be to brand itself as an â€Å"All-American† company. Since the whole operation of the company is based in the United States, Martin’s Textiles can market itself as such and hope that the patriotism and nationalism card will resonate with its customers. Threats or risks that may come up if Martin’s Textiles decides to stay in the United States could be that the company will not be able to survive the higher labor costs and that its competitors could undercut prices so much that Martin’s Textiles would no longer be viable. Customers have already threatened to leave if costs are not reduced so the company has to figure out a way to cut costs. If it decides that it won’t cut labor costs, then there has to be cuts in other parts of the company. Whether it is the sales force, research and development, or the designers, another part of the company will have to suffer cuts. Next, we consider the alternative of moving production to Mexico and after evaluating this decision through a SWOT analysis, it is clear that moving production to Mexico is the favored decision. One of the strengths of this decision is that the economic costs are highly favorable. The labor cost for textile workers in Mexico are less than $2 per hour compared to the wage rate paid to workers in the unionized New York plant, $12. 50 per hour. In addition by moving production to Mexico, Martin’s Textiles will be able to avoid cost disadvantages that they would have faced by keeping their production base in the United States. In the United States, there are tougher and stricter labor laws, regulations and standards than in other countries. Therefore, Martin’s Textiles will be at a disadvantage to companies in foreign countries with lax labor laws like China. In addition, Martin’s Textiles will be able to enjoy the benefits of the NAFTA agreement now that they have moved their production base to Mexico. The trade agreement allows for an increase in the quota of Mexican and Canadian clothing and textiles to the shipped to the United States. Additionally, tariffs on trade of textiles would be removed within 10 years. Finally, moving production to Mexico would allow Martin’s Textiles to keep most of its major customers as they will be able to enjoy the benefits of lower prices in products since labor costs have been reduced dramatically. However, there are also weaknesses for Martin’s Textiles in moving production plants down to Mexico. For one, Martin’s Textiles reputation will take a hit as the company has had a long history of good labor relations with its workers. Also, there is a great unknown in the Mexican workforce, as John Martin has heard stories of low productivity, poor workmanship, high turnover, and high absenteeism. For John, this may be an unsettling situation as he has relied on strong employee relations over the years. In addition, it would be hard for Martin’s Textiles to forge the same work culture, as John Martin would have a difficult time establishing relations with foreign workers who speak a different language. An opportunity that could benefit Martin’s Textiles if moving to Mexico would be to expand its production to other garments and clothing if desired since it can now employ cheaper labor. If there is a new hot fad in the United States, Martin’s Textiles would have the opportunity to capitalize due to the immense savings from labor costs, which allow them to hire more workers and expand production. A threat or risk of moving production to Mexico could be that the Mexican government demands a bribe from the company for purchasing a textile plant or building a new one. As seen in Appendix C, Mexico is shaded darker than the United States, which makes it more corrupt. Therefore, Martin’s Textiles could be subjected to paying bribes or buying needless licenses. I believe that the best decision for John Martin to make is to move the company’s production to Mexico instead of keeping production in the United States. Although the company has developed an outstanding record of employee relations and there is great uncertainty with the workforce in Mexico, the economic benefits of moving to Mexico are too great. The company would be saving over $10 per hour on each worker and these savings would allow the company to keep customers. In addition, Martin’s Textiles would be able to keep up with its competitors in Asia and other textile companies that have moved their production to Mexico. Though the decision to move production to Mexico would not be a popular decision locally as many people would be losing their jobs, the vitality of the company is at stake. By not moving production to Mexico, Martin’s Textiles would be at risk of falling behind its competitors and ultimately going out of business.

Salon Management System Essay Example

Salon Management System Essay Example Salon Management System Paper Salon Management System Paper CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY According to Franklin (2013), Management Information System is an organization that requires managing themselves that provides information efficiently and effectively. Management Information System are computer systems that used for managing five primary components which are Hardware, Software, Data, Procedures, and People including individuals, groups or organization. One of the examples of the Management Information System is Salon Management System. A beauty salon or beauty parlor is an establishment dealing with cosmetic treatments for men and women (Thompson, 2013). Salon Management includes stock control maintaining customers stock, product inventory and your staffs payroll. It is very difficult to manage a salon using the manual system that Salon now a days is using. Salon managers have been facing various problems with regards of manually managing a salon. Manually managing a salon may lead to possible loss of records and retrieving files. In using manual system, the payroll of the employee can be difficult to record. The monitoring of equipments use in manual system is not efficient. Too much papers works is also a problem in using the manual system. Edwin B. Samots salon is till using the manual Management System. Their manual transaction dont include receipt and they Just noted it in a notebook or record book. They also used manual inventory and manual payroll system. It demands too much paper works and may sometimes lead to loss of records. In using the manual Management System, there are disadvantage for the Salon. As said, Edwin B. Samots Salon doesnt include receipt in their transaction. They Just noted it in a notebook. Sometimes the records that are indicated in the notebook may not be accurate. The manual product inventory may not be efficient because not every time the manager dont check it egularly. The manual payroll is also difficult to handle because it is not accurate. The purpose of this study is to develop a Salon Management System for Edwin B. Samot Salon to avoid the inaccurate and inefficient manual system. Using the computerized Salon Management System will help perform task in an easy and organized way. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY General Objective: The general objective of the study is to develop Management System for Edwin B. . To design a Management System for Edwin B. Samot Salon-Dasmarinas Branch with the following features: Database for members Inventory and Product Information Sales Reporting Payroll for Employees Point of Sale 2. To create construct the system as designed. 3. To test and improve the developed system. 4. To evaluate the performance of the developed system. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY This study involves the development of Management S ystem for Edwin B. Samot Salon-Dasmarinas Branch which will be used by the Salon manager. The system will be use for daily transaction of the salon. It will also be use for the reports of sales, client records, equipments and products information and payroll for the employees. This system will help the salon to have an organized management system. Their records will be easy to retrieve and it will avoid the possible loss of records. Their transaction to their customer will be accurate. It will also help in monitoring their equipments used every day. This system will use Visual Basic 6. 0. And for the database, it will use Microsoft Access. However, the study is limited to the Edwin B. Samot Salon-Dasmarinas Branch only. The salon manager and the salon cashier will be the allowed operators. This system will not include the appointment schedule of the clients. It will not accept credit cards and it will not use barcodes for the products. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The Salon manager of Edwin B. Samot Salon-Dasmarinas Branch will benefit from this study. It will make his work easier. The Salon manager can manage the salon in a better way. The day to day activities in your salon will perform conveniently. It involves managing clients, which can issue receipt every transaction and automatically save records containing information about the history of the services that you have provided to a customer. It also involves the monitoring of products and equipments that the salon use every day. The payrolls of the employee of the salon CHAPTER II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE STUDY On the basis of the foregoing concepts, Theories and findings of related literature, studies presented and insights taken from them, a conceptual model is developed as shown below. INPUTS Knowledge Requirements A. Services Offered by the Salon B. Product Information C. Sales Reporting D. Payroll Computation/Formula Software Requirements A. Visual Basic 6. 0 B. MS Access C. Adobe Photoshop Hardware Requirements System Unit with the following minimum specifications: A. Dual core processor B. 26B RAM C. 5006B Hard Disk PROCESS OUTPUT OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Computer system refers to the hardware and software components that run a computer or computers. Point of sale (also called as POS or checkout) is where a retail transaction is completed. Hair Rebond/Relax refers to hair straightening done in the Salon. Cellophane refers to hair coloring. Keratin/Wella refers to the products use for hair treatment. CHAPTER Ill METHODOLOGY PROJECT DESIGN DATA FLOW DIAGRAM Management System for Edwin B. Samot Salon is a system that will manage the salon. It will concentrate with the transaction processing, payroll of the employee, and the inventory of the salon. Official receipt Customer details Payment reports ales data Service details Payment details Employee details generated payroll Figure 2. Context Diagram DFD for Salon Management System New official receipt service details customer details 4 generated sales client files files Generated payroll report Payroll details 3 Sales files Generated sales report employee details 2 employee Figure 3. DFD Level 1 for Salon Management System PROJECT DEVELOPMENT Modified Waterfall Model Modified model is that the phases in modified waterfall model life cycle are permitted to overlap. Because the phases overlap, a lot of flexibility has been introduced in the modified model of software engineering. At the same time, a number of tasks can function concurrently, which ensures that the defects in the software are removed in the development stage itself and the overhead cost of making changes to the software before implementation is saved. Figure 4. The Modified Waterfall Model We use this model in our system because it is flexible and easy to modify. At the same time making changes to the basic design is also possible, as there are a number of phases active at one point of time. In case there are any errors introduced because of the changes made, rectifying them is also easy because every phase of he model verification and validation step has been added. It can also reduce the number of paper works and we can have more time to do the system. The following procedures are needed to be performed in order to operate or use the system. 1 . Acquire and set up all hardware and software needed. 2. Turn on the computer. 3. Install the system. 4. Click on the shortcut icon for Salon Management System. This shall load the entire system, and pull up the log in screen. 5. Input the username and password. 6. Once logged in successfully, there are options that will appear. Click the Point of Sale button for the transaction of the customer. This includes the clients information and the services they avail in the Salon. It will include printing of receipt and sales reports. 7. Simultaneously, click on the Product/Equipments button to view the inventory of the products and equipments use by the Salon. You may add, edit and delete products and equipments. . Click on the Payroll button for the payroll of the employee. This include the employees personal information and how their salary is computed. You may add and update the employees information. This also include printing of pay slip of the employee and the payroll reports. TESTING PROCEDURE After acquiring all hardware and software needed, the following procedure needs to be performed in order to test the system. 1. Perform program test to make sure that all programs are working. 2. Execute debugging in case of errors or failure to run. . Perform system run after all programs or modules are working. This study will use the CvSlJ formulated evaluation instrument for instructional materials in evaluating the developed system. The method of evaluation to be used is survey. The respondents of the survey will include 30 customers of the Salon, 10 employees of the Salon, and 2 managers of the Salon. The system will be evaluated based on the following criteria: Functionality, Content, Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Saleability. Each criterion will be evaluated in a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is the lowest and 5 is the highest. Statistics is one way of getting the information organized. To have a general view of the acceptability of the study, statistical tool is used. This also includes the scaling system, which is used as a technique to monitor the respondents analysis of the system. Table 1. GANNTT CHART MAJOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTING SCHEDULE MONTH 1. Analysis 2. Requirement Gathering 4. Development 5. Testing

Rice in Philippine Myths and Legends Essay

Rice in Philippine Myths and Legends Essay Philippine Myths, Legends, Epics History Essay Philippine Myths, Legends, Epics History Essay Legends and myths are not simply basic stories; they contain lessons and ethics that went on from era to era. These stories might likewise incorporate significant recorded information about the way of life of certain individuals or the whole race. The Philippine fables are the wellsprings of the numerous issues of local life. Initially told and retold by the forefathers of long prior, these stories have streamed down to the present through the lips of storytellers and have turned into a key a portion of the nation’s social legacy (Fullmer, 2013). Rice in Philippine Myths and Legends Philippine mythology and old stories incorporate a gathering of stories and superstitions about enchanted animals and substances. Some Filipinos, despite the fact of being intensely westernized, still have confidence in such issues. Philippine mythology and superstitions vary depending on the region. This is because the nation has numerous islands and they are possessed by diverse ethnic gatherings. Then again, certain likenesses exist among these gatherings, for example, the root of rice (Acabado, 2009). Origin of Rice There was a period, numerous years earlier, when rice was not known at all. At that time, the progenitors lived on such products as vegetables, wild animals and birds, which they hunted in the mountains or the timberlands. Working the dirt was still obscure. Likewise, poultry and pig was not yet a piece of their method for living. Since individuals relied upon the nourishment the nature gave, and not what they themselves developed or raised, their stay in one spot was always temporary. At the point when there was nothing more to hunt or gather in a certain place, they would go to another location where there was a lot of sustenance. Therefore, they flowed starting with one place then onto the next (Juanillo 2011). In the beginning of the day, the men set off to the mountains or woods to hunt, while the women and little kids were busy fishing and gathering foods grown from the ground. Following full time work, every single wild creature that had been killed in the chase, and all foods grown from the ground that had been assembled would be divided equally among all the families, which maintained the balance (Juanillo 2011). One day, a group of hunters went out to chase a deer. In their yearning to have a decent prey, the men walked all over until they came to the Cordillera Mountains. Having a long journey, and feeling dead drained, they chose to take a rest under a major tree. It was nearing twelve and every one of them were hungry (Patriarca, 2015). While resting in the shade of the tree, they saw, not far from them, a group of men and women who did not look the same as common people. The hunters understood that they were divine beings and goddesses who lived in that partof the mountain. At the same time the men stood up and gave the gods due admiration. The divine beings were happy of this signal. Consequently, they invited the hunters to have a dinner with them (Juanillo 2011). The men helped to cook the dinner. They butchered the deer and a wild pig, and afterward set them over the hot coals. In a brief time, a worker of the divine beings got a few bamboos and set them over the fire. The bamboos contained little white pieces formed like dabs. Before long, the cooked bits were set in saucer-molded banana leaves (Juanillo 2011). The table weighed down with simmered meat, cooked vegetables, and new natural products. Different bamboos were gotten and these contained what looked like immaculate water (Patriarca, 2015). The hunters soon discovered that the precious substance was not water, yet rather, the wine of the bathalas (Fullmer, 2013). To begin with, the men were hesitant to join the gala as they saw the little white parts. We dont eat worms, the boss hunter said. The bathalas grinned. These white dot-molded portions are not worms, answered one of the divine beings. They are cooked rice. They originated from a special sort of plant, which we ourselves develop. Come and eat with us. After the god had talked, the seekers did not resist any longer. They ate with the divine beings. They were satisfied and glad, because they had been bolstered as well as in light of the vitality: they felt in the wake of eating cooked rice. Their powerless bodies became solid once more (Fullmer, 2013). After the blowout, the hunters expressed gratitude to the divine beings. Before leaving, each hunter got a sack of palay from gods. This is palay, clarified one more of the divine beings. Pound the palay, winnow and clean it exceptionally well. Wash the rice with water and place the washed rice between the pieces of the bamboo with enough water to be consumed by the rice. At that point, put the bamboo over the flame until it is cooked. The god delayed for some time. At that point he kept on talking. The wiped out will get to be solid and every one of you will be fulfilled in the wake of eating. Safeguard a portion of the palay for your seedbed. The divine beings exhorted the hunters to begin planting amid the blustery season. Amid the dry season, they could collect the palay. The gods then advised the men to present the palay in their town and show the general population how to till the dirt. You will discover advancement, and this will prevent you from meandering from spot to spot(F ullmer, 2013). The hunters expressed gratitude to the divine beings again. At that point, they set off for their town. They followed the guidance of gods. They taught their own kin how to till the dirt and plant rice. They also taught their kindred villagers how to cook rice. Obviously, they presented the eating of cooked rice to the general population. After numerous years, the act of eating rice and the craft of its planting have to be far reaching. Numerous different barangays soon embraced the practice and skill. From that time forth, rice has turned into an essential sustenance of our kin. Likewise, alongside the working of the dirt, our kin have figured out how to raise creatures and to build changeless abodes (Fullmer, 2013). Rice Farming and Rituals In the long time past days, starvation was prominent in the Philistines. The frantic individuals entreated their goddess to spare them. Moved by compassion, the goddess slid to the earth. The area was dried off with dry spell, with just a couple of strong weeds on the ground. The goddess uncovered her chest and poured milk into every desolate ear of the weeds. When her milk ran out and she saw that there were still vacant ears, she requested that the sky gave her more drain. On the other hand, when she squeezed her chest once more, just blood turned out. When she was done, she then twisted low over the plants and begged them to prosper and encourage her once more (Haban, 2009). Among the World Heritage destinations in the Philippines, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras have such an effective vicinity, to the point that makes them a standout amongst the most extraordinary spots in the nation. Lying high in the Cordillera Mountain, their setting cannot be duplicated anywhere in the swamp tropical scene or even anywhere on the planet. Weeks passed and the weeds developed and turned out to be full of grain. At the point when the general population collected the stalks and beat them open, a few grains were as white as the goddess milk while some were as red as her blood. The general population cooked the grains and discovered them nourishing. Cheering, for finally they have got sustenance, the people offered gratitude to the goddess as they re-planted and collected this weed, which is what is presently known as rice (Russel, 1920). Birthplace myths propose this was essentially found through experience to manage nourishment sources, particularly in light of catastrophes, for example, dry spell and plagues and cholera. The general rule and procedure of terracing was exhibited in custom myths, however the strategies were created through time and by the involvement of the perfect mediation of Ifugao progenitors. In their progenitor-incited dreams a few aptitudes, have been created by the Ifugaos for their rice terracing custom. A few ceremonies have been produced by the Ifugaos that deify their precursors in their rice terracing convention. It is trusted that the custom myths presented in rice ceremonies frame its establishment (Acabado, 2009). Researchers believe, inclines have been terraced and planted with rice as far back as 2,000 years. Mountains terraced into paddies that still make due in shifting conditions of protections are spread over area range (7 percent of the aggregate area regions of the Philippine archipelago) that is in the northern Luzon regions of Kalinga-Apayao, Abra, Benguet and Ifugao. The implausible site is found at heights differing from 700 to 1,500 meters above ocean level, where porches are cut into mountain inclines with forms that ascent steeply (Madigan, 1964). Presence in the Cordillera unites man with nature, and the unparalleled perspective shows how man has formed the scene to permit him develop rice. The sheer beauty of the patios imparts uniqueness and quality. Other than wind and stirring leaves, there is additionally the consistent sound of water streaming downhill on the waterways that flood the patios. There is nobleness in society and environment communicated by the ageless peacefulness of the porches. Most Filipinos view the porches as their most noteworthy national image (Russel, 1920). The starting points and age of the Ifugao rice patios in the Philippine Cordillera keep on inciting interest and creative ability in scholastic and prominent civil arguments. For Southeast Asian researchers, dating these patios is basic for comprehension of Philippine ancient times and Southeast Asian designs even more largely. Past the insightful group, the terraced Ifugao scene has caught the worlds creative ability as an imperative social scene. To date on the other hand, lacking work has been embraced to decide either when the porches were initially built or the period included in building this layered scene (Acabado, 2009). The Ifugao are one of a few minority ethno semantic gatherings in the northern Philippines, and one of the best recorded by ethno noteworthy and anthropological researchers. At the turn of the twentieth century, two unmistakable figures in Philippine humanities started an escalated examination of the Ifugao. Researchers proposed a 2000-3000 year old cause for the Ifugao rice patios, utilizing perceptions and subjective theories on to what extent it would have taken the Ifugao to alter the tough geology of the region. This long history has turned into a sort of got insight that discovers its way into course books and national histories (Acabado, 2009). The slick positions of level topped lake fields have likewise been called a stairway to the sky – a similitude that summons the legendary starting points of the local rice assortments developed in the range. As indicated by conventional stories, these extraordinary sorts of rice were given to the Ifugao individuals by the divine forces of Kabunyan, the Skyworld. In return, the Ifugao individuals demonstrated the Skygods the mystery of cooking with flame. By and by, the sweet-smelling rice from the Skyworld accompanied conditions appended. The Ifugao needed to guarantee that they would obediently perform a few customs that would shield the rice plants from vermin and sicknesses and guarantee plentiful harvests (Russel, 1920). At the other side of the range, a few researchers have proposed a later starting point of the Ifugao rice porches. Utilizing confirmation from lexical data and ethno memorable records, these studies recommend that the terraced scenes of the Ifugao are the deciding consequence of populace venture into the Cordillera good countries in light of Spanish colonization. Swamp mountain contacts are known even before the Spanish landing. These contacts may have encouraged the development of swamp people groups to the good countries when the Spanish set up bases in their districts (Russel, 1920). The Ifugao Rice Terraces, which take after the characteristic forms of the mountains, just improve the districts rough normal excellence. They additionally exemplify a consonant, practical relationship in the middle of people and their surroundings. These fields, and the learning to cultivate and support them, have been gone down from era to era for a considerable length of time. The structures unique developers utilized stone and mud dividers to painstakingly cut and build porches that could hold overwhelmed lake fields for the development of rice. They also settled a framework to water these plots by collecting water from peak woods. These inconceivable designing accomplishments were finished by hand as seemed to be (and is) the cultivating itself. The rice porches have long been a key to the survival of the Ifugao people, yet they additionally involved a focal significance inside of their way of life. Whole groups participate in repetitive, occasional frameworks of planting and co ntrol (Kokemuller, 2015). Today, the Ifugao rehearse a mix of wet-rice terraced cultivating and swiddening. This agrarian framework is critical in the customary association of their public. The first class (kadangyan) own the wet-terraced rice fields, while the least social class (nawatwat) owned the dry rice fields. The burden of the pilgrim period corrupted the relationship between the kadangyan and the nawatwat. Beforehand, the kadangyan had colossal social impact in Ifugao society: they settled on the Programs for patio building, upkeep, and ceremonies. With the osmosis of the Ifugao by more extensive swamp Philippine society, this social element has subsequently changed. It likewise has significant ramifications in the support and preservation of these structures (Acabado, 2009). Determining the vestige of the whole Cordillera terraced field custom requires archeological work to figure out if the customary long history or the revisionist short history even more precisely speaks to the word related history of this area. Such work requires many years of examination in distinctive territories over the bumpy district, starting with regions inside Ifugao area (Russel, 1920). Late archeological and ethno-authentic examination gives occasion to feel qualms about this conviction. To tell the truth, the patios seem, by all accounts, to be around 450 years of age (PDF). This implies they date from a period when Spanish colonizers of the Philippines were first infiltrating into the inside of northern Luzon. This timing recommends that the well-known patios may be a result of the pilgrim experience: as the Ifugaos attempted to separate themselves from the Spanish danger, they withdrew from low-lying locales into mountain shelters. The number of inhabitants in the mountain zones developed, and interest for sustenance expanded, so the Ifugaos opened up new rural patios on ever more elevated valley slants (Kokemuller, 2015). The customary arrangement of the rustic individuals of Misamis Oriental and the northern portion of Bukidnon Province reaches out to all parts of life. The family relationship complex, the obligation reimbursement complex, and the soul world complex tie the customs in continuing manner into the way of life of the territory. The main custom among the ordinarily rehearsed nourishment creation ceremonies is the harvest custom. This comprises the essentials of a soul feast at which suitable vocal supplications to God and to the spirits arepronounced. Since the commitment of offering the supper is accepted to be grave, most ranch families deliberately satisfy it every year. Answers for the peaceful issues raised by the presence and routine of the customs by Catholics are not liable to be found in forbidding their execution by Catholics, yet in further investigation of the nature and elements of the ceremonies (Madigan, 1964). A portion of the Ibaloys rice-planting service is the custom describing a birthplace myth about how Kabuniyan of the skyworld got rice from Maseken of the underworld. Kabuniyan tossed a lance at a deer that hopped into dark water; however he hit the top of Masekens home. When he pulled up the lance, there was a stalk of rice connected to it. A low voice from the house under the water blamed him for having stolen Masekens palay or unhusked rice. In the wake of listening to Kabuniyans clarification for the transgression, Maseken taught him to plant the palay in the field and to summon his name at each harvest time (Russel, 1920). Created around the time the Spanish control of the Philippines started in 1565, the Tinikling dance follows its sources to the island of Leyte. The wet atmosphere of the island made it exceptionally suitable for developing products, for example, rice. Agriculturalists and field hands working in the rice paddies had numerous chances to watch the conduct of the tikling fowls that lived in the range as they hunt down sustenance along the field edge. Impersonating the jumping developments at home turned out to be a diverting hobby (Kokemuller, 2015).

Writing Graduate School Entrance Essays

Writing Graduate School Entrance Essays If you are thinking about applying for graduate school, chances are you once applied (and were admitted) to undergraduate school. That being the case, Im certain you had to compose a personal statement to accompany your undergraduate application. Remember that? Wasnt it fun? No? Well, then youre out of luck. Because you have to repeat the process all over again with graduate school entrance essays. Lets face it: no one likes to write an entrance essay and/or personal statement composition for college admission. In addition to being personally revealing and creatively stifling, the things are just plain difficult to compose. Unfortunately, college admissions boards use these essays to separate the average from the above average applicants. So you might as well make the most of it. Graduate school application essays are, in my opinion, much easier to write than those for undergraduate school because youve already gone through the process once already. Heck, you might even want to locate and dust off your undergraduate statement for inspiration. After all, its not really plagiarism if youre copying from yourself. When writing your graduate school entrance essays, it helps to go easy on yourself. Allow for plenty of time and prepare for some frustration. In the end, your graduate school essay, whether its a nursing essay, a residency statement, or an MBA essay, is going to determine your future. So no pressure.

Fordism and Post-Fordism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fordism and Post-Fordism - Research Paper Example This paper represents a historical shift from the Fordist methods in business to the post-Fordist methods and beyond. This paper will attempt to analyze the role played by management accounting in this historical shift by looking into both Fordism and post-Fordism while trying to realize how changing business requirements have been addressed by management accounting over time. 2. Fordism refers to an economic and social system that bases itself exclusively on the ideas of Henry Ford’s model of mass production. The use of Fordism is not restricted to the economic domain alone but instead, it has been applied to social as well as socio-economic systems too (Thompson, 2005). The essential side of Fordism relies on the fact that goods are produced cheaply in such a fashion that the people producing those goods are able to consume them. This facet of Fordism has made it popular in some Marxist circles as well. However, it has to be realized that the economic and social circumstance s that favored Fordism are now effectively over leading to a shift in Fordism. Some commentators call this shift post-Fordism though others disagree and contend that Fordism has been under constant evolution instead. De Grazia (2005) has defined Fordism as "the eponymous manufacturing system designed to spew out standardized, low-cost goods and afford its workers decent enough wages to buy them". In contrast to Grazia’s view, other commentators have described Fordism as an economic model for economic expansion that relies on mass production in order to create large volumes of standardized products using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987). When these views are put in perspective of the manufacturing carried out by Henry Ford’s automobile plant at the turn of the twentieth century it becomes clear that both definitions are incomplete and tend to complement each other to produce a working definition. Hence, Fordism (for the purpose of this paper) is an economic process that allows the creation of standardized goods using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment such that the workers themselves are able to afford these goods. It must be realized at this point that Marxism, socialism and allied ideologies are distinct to Fordism in that Fordism still relies on a free market economy in order to thrive. The Marxist and socialist doctrines require that the control of businesses be relinquished to the government while there are no such stipulations in Fordism. Fordism has tended to rely on three major operating principles through its initial use at Henry Ford’s automobile manufacturing plant and then for its use in social and economic pathways. The fundamental operating principles are (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987): all products are standardized so that handmade craftsmanship is not required and is instead production is dealt with by machines; manufacturing relies on the utilization of spec ialized tools and equipment to make assembly lines a reality. This indicates that low level and unskilled workers are able to operate sophisticated manufacturing equipment in order to man assembly lines. Moreover, the nature of tasks performed on the assembly lines are monotonous and require little creative thinking; the workers working on these assembly lines are paid wages that are sufficient for them to purchase the things they produce.  

The Evolution and Extinction of Mammoths Term Paper

The Evolution and Extinction of Mammoths - Term Paper Example Mammoths, belonging to the genus â€Å"Mammuthus†, were very gigantic in comparison to their taxonomic category of elephants. They reached heights up to thirteen feet and weighed around 5 to 6 tons. They had a significant appearance as they had woolly bodies and huge curvy tusks. They were fearless creatures of their era and lived dominantly on the planet until they suffered extinction. As stated earlier, mammoths suffered extinction around ten thousand years back, most of their characteristic features, physical appearance, art of living, and so forth are known by the scientists to a great extent as there are plenty of fossils preserved of these titans which are regularly discovered, studied and examined with scrutiny to know more about these prehistoric animals. Mammoths are not as old as dinosaurs, but the interesting analogy that they share is that both these creatures were gigantic, powerful and dominant in their respective eras, and unfortunately both the creatures were w iped out of the planet due to extinction. It is interesting to note that as mammoths came long after the dinosaurs, because of this their fossils still remain preserved, though not in a very large quantity but plenty enough for scientist to provide a logical explanation for the events, characteristics, and environmental changes prevailed in that era, providing scientists an edge to study and know more about mammoths. With the use of cutting-edge technology that contemporary field of science offers, scientist are able have an in-depth analysis of the skin, tusks, hair, etc to unveil the mystery of mammoths. Last of the mammoths lived in the era when humans were in the Stone Age, and only began their ascent to civilization; hence they both coexisted in the same age. Mammoths were mammals; they produced babies, fed them milk, and nurtured them like other mammals do. It is important to note that mammoths and modern elephants do look the same in terms of size, appearance, and other exter ior features, but reality is far different as mammoths were not the ancestors of elephants. Most type of mammoths wore a hairy cover over their bodies unlike elephants, as it provided mammoths a shelter against extremely harsh environment of the Ice Age. Both mammoths and elephants belong to the same family but were not the ancestors, instead they evolved from a different branch of the tree. Hence it would be more logical to call them as â€Å"close cousins†. Origins and evolving characteristics Major transformations through evolution include M. meridionalis (ancestral mammoth) into M. trogontherii (steppi mammoth), which later transformed into M. primigenius (woolly mammoth) and M. columbi (Columbian mammoth). All these transformations were a result of changes and adaptations to the Ice Age habitat. The origins of these titans date back to almost fifty-five million years ago. Their ancestry can be traced back to Africa where they first existed, later on they moved to Europe, Siberia and then reached North America. As the period of the Ice Age became harsher, it had greatly impacted the features of these creatures and caused them to undergo transformations that best suited to the climate and environment they lived in. In Europe first mammoths dwelled nearly one and a half million years back, in thickly forested areas of southern

Information System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information System Development - Essay Example System developers can create new systems according to the needs of users on request or they can have foresight and anticipate users’ needs then create systems with this in mind (Whetten 2002, p. 45-71,). As systems are created by human beings, they cannot be entirely perfect, but trying to reach perfection and minimizing errors should be priority when creating systems. This is because users tend to move on fast from systems that are prone to failures, errors and mistakes, thus running the reputation of firms creating such systems and wasting time and money. With this in mind, system developers should strive to get as many details as possible about users’ needs in order to create systems in line with their needs, and one that works efficiently to meet these needs and requirements. Development of systems usually follows a systematic set of steps in order to ensure that systems produced work in accordance with the way they were supposed to. Missing any step in the developm ent might lead to errors that could easily be avoided. These steps also make it easy to pinpoint where mistakes have been made, hence it is easy to go back and rectify the errors, rather than tearing down the whole system to find the error. The order of steps in system development begins with a feasibility study to determine if the system is worth creating in the first place or not. After the worthiness of the project has been established, the planning process is next. Planning involves setting goals, timelines and determining all the necessities required in order for the project to be carried out successfully. Planning also involves coming up with a budget, creation of a team that will be in charge of the project, assigning of duties to the various team members, determining the chain of commands and to whom progress of the project will be reported, determining external; players and partners and the parts they will be playing in the project and sorting out other details. Failing to plan on any aspect touching the development of a system will have disastrous effects on the whole project (Blanchard & Fabrycky 2006). Systems analysis is a step that involves looking into the current systems in order to determine what users want that is not in these systems, then going ahead to create systems that give users what they need and require. After this has been determined, the system has to be designed, with the needs of users in mind and other anticipated needs (Caspi et al. 2005). In the designing of the system, several aspects are considered including detailed descriptions of its main features and how they work, screen layouts, business principles, legalities involved and other forms of documentation. This part is where the load of the work lies. After this is the implementation stage. Here, the code that is unique to the system being built is written. Code writing involves various numerical, alphabets and symbols that should not be easy to crack or identify by unauth orized users or authorities. Next is the integration of all the various separate parts of the system, as developed by the different people in the team, in order to make a whole part. The integration step involves the setting up of the system and testing it in order to determine if the end product is as required, to check for errors and potential weak points that might lead to the system not operating. Any errors found are rectified at this stage, and the

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS - Assignment Example By allowing trade with other countries consumers locally can get a wider variety of products or services to choose from. Such healthy competition is a double win for the consumer as it also can lead to reduction in prices as corporations fight out for market-share. A wise man once said that no man is an island. This wise man could well have been talking about countries. The world has grown to a point where it is a global village and nations quite literally depend on each other. Take airbus industry for example which has airplane parts manufactured in factories all across Europe and then brought to France for final assembly. This is only possible because of the conducive trade environment provided by the European Union. The middle east provides the world with most fuel, Europe and America build machinery while Africa and south America provide food. Without free trade, the world would, quite literally, stagnate. Two thumbs up to the World Trade Organization for its gallant efforts in ensuring all barriers to trade are effectively removed. I cannot agree more with my classmate on this matter. As I have pointed out in my arguments, free trade bears more good than harm for our world. On your part, you have pointed out one more benefit that international trade has for the world : assisting developing countries. Free trade allows poor nations access to resources they cannot manufacture on their own and also is a source of income for them through foreign

The future of natural medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The future of natural medicine - Essay Example The future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re Ð °nd medicine cÐ °n not be predicted, but it will certÐ °inly be developing into Ð °n InformÐ °tion Ð °ge, evolving in itself. PÐ °rticulÐ °rly, the medicÐ °l services will be delivered through the Internet Ð °nd other innovÐ °tive meÐ °ns of communicÐ °tion providing quÐ °lity Ð °nd cÐ °re whenever Ð °nd wherever needed. In the following pÐ °per I will discuss the future of nÐ °turÐ °l medicine emphÐ °sis on e-medicÐ °l services. I will Ð °lso tÐ °lk Ð °bout conventionÐ °l medicine Ð °nd its plÐ °ce in the future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re. E-medicine refers to the use of telecommunicÐ °tion thÐ °t provides medicÐ °l informÐ °tion Ð °nd services. It mÐ °y be Ð °s simple Ð °s two heÐ °lth professionÐ °ls discussing Ð ° cÐ °se over the telephone, or Ð °s sophisticÐ °ted Ð °s using sÐ °tellite technology to broÐ °dcÐ °st Ð ° consultÐ °tion between providers Ð °t two distÐ °nt locÐ °tions, using videoconferencing equipment.† (Gustke et Ð °l., 20000) The simplest definition of E-Medicine is thÐ °t it uses multimediÐ ° technology (voice, video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ °) to deliver medicÐ °l services. The lower cost of bÐ °nd- width Ð °nd improvement in video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ ° compression stÐ °ndÐ °rds hÐ °ve increÐ °sed the number Ð °nd types of medicÐ °l services thÐ °t cÐ °n be delivered from Ð ° distÐ °nce to include virtuÐ °lly every speciÐ °lty. E-Medicine is Ð °n Ð °pplicÐ °tion Ð °nd not Ð ° technology. It uses Ð ° hybrid technology incorporÐ °ting elements of television, telecommunicÐ °tion, computers, engineering Ð °nd medicine. Services cÐ °n be delivered on Ð ° combinÐ °tion of technologies with Ð ° vÐ °riety of equipment. The objective of E-medicine â€Å"is not Ð °n evolutionÐ °ry concept but Ð ° revolutionÐ °ry concept Ð °nd Ð °t the heÐ °rt of every revolution, there is the need for Ð ° sudden mÐ °ssive chÐ °nge, Ð °t the core of which is the humÐ °n mind.† (Merrell, 2004). E-medicine in the future will bring mÐ °ny benefits to

Analysis of Men Of Horror Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of Men Of Horror Movie - Essay Example Although Carl Brashear attains a chance at the navy school, in his New York Times article, Scot proves how education in a racism world does not favor him. His instructor, Billy Sunday, fails him and he ultimately opts to help his parents on the farm. He never despairs in his dream but hopes of success I future. He remains focus in attains his dream position as a master diver. Even when he hurts his leg during his training, he does not use this as an excuse but takes hurt in his mission. The article Jet, present how an aspiring doctor, who later becomes Carl Brashear’s wife, offers to sponsor his education and he uses this opportunity to prove his talent to the nation. However, his efforts do not get approval since another person rejoices his success. This depicts ignorance of the nation and lack of humanity. Despite all destitutions that come in his way, he perseveres and triumphs them all. His instructor ends up having a U-turn in his life. He faces demotion in work due to the success he offers Carl Brashear and ultimately ends up drinking and living a reckless life. In conclusion, although life is full of vicissitudes, an individual has to persist and have hope for the future. Persistence and determination in life are what gives a person the heart and strength to move forward in life. In order to succeed in life, an individual should set a goal and focus on achieving it no matter the consequences or hardships to face. Racial discrimination as a factor that deprives an individual the opportunity of achieving the desired goal should be banned in society.     

The future of natural medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The future of natural medicine - Essay Example The future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re Ð °nd medicine cÐ °n not be predicted, but it will certÐ °inly be developing into Ð °n InformÐ °tion Ð °ge, evolving in itself. PÐ °rticulÐ °rly, the medicÐ °l services will be delivered through the Internet Ð °nd other innovÐ °tive meÐ °ns of communicÐ °tion providing quÐ °lity Ð °nd cÐ °re whenever Ð °nd wherever needed. In the following pÐ °per I will discuss the future of nÐ °turÐ °l medicine emphÐ °sis on e-medicÐ °l services. I will Ð °lso tÐ °lk Ð °bout conventionÐ °l medicine Ð °nd its plÐ °ce in the future of heÐ °lth cÐ °re. E-medicine refers to the use of telecommunicÐ °tion thÐ °t provides medicÐ °l informÐ °tion Ð °nd services. It mÐ °y be Ð °s simple Ð °s two heÐ °lth professionÐ °ls discussing Ð ° cÐ °se over the telephone, or Ð °s sophisticÐ °ted Ð °s using sÐ °tellite technology to broÐ °dcÐ °st Ð ° consultÐ °tion between providers Ð °t two distÐ °nt locÐ °tions, using videoconferencing equipment.† (Gustke et Ð °l., 20000) The simplest definition of E-Medicine is thÐ °t it uses multimediÐ ° technology (voice, video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ °) to deliver medicÐ °l services. The lower cost of bÐ °nd- width Ð °nd improvement in video Ð °nd dÐ °tÐ ° compression stÐ °ndÐ °rds hÐ °ve increÐ °sed the number Ð °nd types of medicÐ °l services thÐ °t cÐ °n be delivered from Ð ° distÐ °nce to include virtuÐ °lly every speciÐ °lty. E-Medicine is Ð °n Ð °pplicÐ °tion Ð °nd not Ð ° technology. It uses Ð ° hybrid technology incorporÐ °ting elements of television, telecommunicÐ °tion, computers, engineering Ð °nd medicine. Services cÐ °n be delivered on Ð ° combinÐ °tion of technologies with Ð ° vÐ °riety of equipment. The objective of E-medicine â€Å"is not Ð °n evolutionÐ °ry concept but Ð ° revolutionÐ °ry concept Ð °nd Ð °t the heÐ °rt of every revolution, there is the need for Ð ° sudden mÐ °ssive chÐ °nge, Ð °t the core of which is the humÐ °n mind.† (Merrell, 2004). E-medicine in the future will bring mÐ °ny benefits to

Summeriza article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summeriza article - Essay Example Joerres, therefore strongly advocates for developing local managers and team workers who can align organizational goals and objectives with the changing preferences of the customers. The author says that developing local team is not only important for success in emerging market but proactive participation of local population within workforce is important to gain credibility and confidence of people at large. He says that ‘reverse expat’ has become need of the hour because they are able to understand the market pulse of the emerging market and can easily identify with the demands of the people. Reverse expat is broadly defined as having a local manager for Western based company’s office in emerging markets like India, China, Korea etc. The article is succinct in its philosophy that local managers can be trained under different functional areas in the organization’s head office so that they are able to align and implement foreign firms’ wider objective s with the diverse needs of the region.

History of furniture Essay Example for Free

History of furniture Essay The meaning of domesticity in The Middle Ages took on a variety of interpretations. It typically encompasses anything from the family unit, their dwelling house and their friends and neighbors to rulers and their castles. The home, as the axis of domesticity could be viewed as a structure together with its contents and lay out. Naturally the growth and development of furniture runs parallel to the growth and development of domesticity throughout The Middle Ages. Nomadic culture was prevalent during The Middle Ages and domestic furniture was constructed to reflect the demands of transient lifestyles. Wealthy landowners together with nobility rarely remained in one place for an extended period as they often traveled between their domains. Heavy, bulky furniture was entirely undesirable in the circumstances. Therefore the furniture was designed for mobility and easy disassembly. The chest was perhaps the most common item of household furniture and reflected the nomadic culture of The Middle Ages more effectively than any other item of furniture. The chest proved to be a diverse item of domestic furniture. It was ideal for storing and transferring goods from one destination to another. Upon arrival at a destination the chest could be used as a table or a mantle. The Middle Ages which stretched over a period of about one thousand years commencing with the fall of Rome in 476 A. D and ending with the conquest of the Turk’s Constantinople in 1453 B. C. ‘It was the age of monasteries and convents, of religious persecutions and of heroic struggles of the Christian Church. ’ (Litchfield. 2004) The period was also marked by a progression of feudalism and war as well as chivalry. However, ‘towards the close, a time of comparative civilization and progress, of darkness giving way to the light which followed; the night of the Middle Ages preceding the dawn of the Renaissance. ’ (Litchfield. 2004) Constantinople, the capital city of the Eastern Empire began to grow in popularity and as a result the migration to the capital city, of families of respectable means grew. When they left their homes for Constantinople they carried with them all of their valuable possessions. The wealth homeowners gravitated toward more ornamental household furnishings and fittings. This represented a departure from the early Classic Greek to a more Byzantine style. (Rowling. 1973 p 17) The dictates of a prevalent Christianity significantly influenced the role of women in The Middle Ages. Ladies were permitted ‘to be seen in chariots and open carriages, the designs of which, therefore, improved and became more varied. ’(Litchfield. 2004) And there was a cessation of the old tradition of ‘reclining at meals’ (Litchfield 2004) was replaced by having guests occupying benches. Until the turn of the fourteenth century the ordinary dwelling house was simplistic in its furnishing, reflecting a slow growth in domesticity with the emergence of the well off merchant mentality. In France, for instance, the main room in a given home contained a ‘bedstead and a prie dieu chair, a table with plain slab supported on shaped standards. ’(Litchfield 2004) The rest of the furniture featured in the main room would typically be comprised of the signature Middle Age’s chest which would have been carved from oak or chestnut with a series of benches or stools. A basic table resembling a supported and elevated slab of wood also formed a typical part of the furniture arrangement in an ordinary dwelling house of The Middle Ages. It was around thirty inches in diameter permitting guests to sit on one side while the other side was reserved for the issuing of the meal. While there would be no family discussions across the table, family members and guests would be in a position to rub elbows, so to speak. This is indicative of socialization and explains the origins of the social term ‘rubbing elbows’. The period spanning the 11th -13th centuries was the hallmark of civilization in The Middle Ages. Religious reform fortified the pope’s position in the church and Medieval society but conflict between the pope and the emperor was unavoidable. Towns and farms witnessed a population explosion with the resulting merchant or middle classes. An unmistakable growth and development in culture and economics prevailed. By the thirteenth century Gothic architecture reflecting the religious culture and a shift toward education and the university had reached its peak. The Medieval peasant however was slow in domesticity although he formed a large part of the noble lord’s domestic make-up. The peasant population, primarily made up of farmers comprised about nine-tenths of the Medieval population and were serfs and villeins. ( Nurmiainen 1998) A typical peasant village was comprised of anywhere from ten to sixty families. (Morrison. 1970 p. 57) Their accommodations were dreary and rather dank in appearance, to say the very least. Their dwelling houses were usually consisted of a ‘dark, dank hut made of wood or wicker daubed with mud and thatched with straw or rushes. ’(Litchfield 2004) Sharing their homes with livestock such as pigs and chicken, the straw/reed layered floors were often defiled by livestock droppings. Dried leaves and straw represented a typical bed and animal skins were utilized as blankets. The stove was merely a fire made of wood and sometimes peat which burned continuously on a dirt patch which was cleared out on the floor of a hut. The stagnant domesticity among the peasants reflected resonantly in the typical furnishing of the village huts. It was a simple ‘plank table on trestles, a few stools, perhaps a chest, and probably a loom for the women to make their own cloth. ’ (Litchfeild 2004) If peasants did anything for the growth of domesticity throughout The Middle Ages, they did it for the nobility. They existed for the sole purpose of supporting their lord and master who in turn illustrated a steady growth toward domesticity as evidenced by the unwavering commitment of the peasant. ‘They gave about half their time to work in his fields, cut timber, haul water, spin and weave, repair his buildings, and wait upon his household. In war, the men had to fight at his side. ’ (Litchfield 2004) The idea and values of domesticity are saliently present in the development and retention of the domestic servant. In this vein, the peasantry can be viewed as a founder of the latter day domestic servant. Arguably, the dictates of the master/servant mentality takes its roots back to the feudalism system that reached its peak in The Middle Ages. (Keen. 2006) Demonstrative of domesticity was the ever present table. It was a shrine to refuge and an escape from the abrasive outside world. The table represented a coming together of family and friends at the end of a day primarily dedicated to bringing meals home. The Anglo-Saxons were no exception. Often a hall which was usually dimensionally off balance because its height was disproportionate to its width and length was occupied by a long table made of oak. The table was ‘formed of planks rough hewn from the forest, and which had scarcely received any polish—stood ready prepared for the evening meal. ’(Litchfield 2004) A typical Anglo-Saxon apartment had walls adorned with war relics, a representation of triumph and defeat as well as a desire to be reminded of those events within the snug confines of a domestic setting. The Anglo-Saxon decorum was simple with a floor made up of a earth and lime concoction not unlike today’s barn floorings. It might even be viewed by modern standards as harsh and crude. Be that as it may, it was the Anglo-Saxon taste and they obviously saw it differently. The Anglo-Saxon dwelling house contained a floor which had a raised step about a quarter of the length of the apartment. This dais was reserved for important visitors and family members and represented the hub of domestic activity. Typical of Medieval domestic leaning, ‘a table richly covered with scarlet cloth was placed transversely across the platform, from the middle of which ran the longer and lower board, at which the domestics and inferior persons fed, down towards the bottom of the hall. (Litchfield 2004) The entire setting of the Anglo-Saxon apartment was reflective of an escape from the outside world. It represented a warm and dry refuge and the T shaped table reflected domestic harmony and socialization in the home. The dais functioned to harvest a coming together, a calming of the minds and an escape from toil. Huge chairs occupied the dais and a cloth canopy hung over the collection of chairs and tables as a means of protection from leaks as rain often escaped the poorly built roof tops. (See figure 2) The dais was domesticity personified. At the upper level of the hall, the walls were shrouded by curtains and the floor was covered by carpet of some embroidery or tapestry, although the color was rather harsh on the eyes. This color choice by no means operated to keep occupants out of the home. It was merely a matter of the fashion of the times. Its primary function was to make the home a fashionable and comfortable place as more and more time was spent at home with the emphasis on the family unit and fostering close relations with ones friends, relatives and neighbors. See figure 3) The table is deserving of further comment in that it speaks to the importance of feudalism and its infiltration of domesticity. Litchfield observed that ‘over the lower range of table the roof had no covering, the rough plastered walls were left bare, the rude earthen floor was uncarpeted, the board was uncovered by a cloth, and rude massive benches supplied the place of chairs’ (Litchfield 2004) More telling however was the tw o chairs that occupied the upper table’s center. These two chairs were elevated more so than the other chairs and was reserved for the male female heads of the household. ‘To each of these was added a footstool curiously carved and inlaid with ivory, which mark of distinction was peculiar to them. ’ (Litchfield 2004) The Norman civilization began to infiltrate Medieval times and the citizens found themselves warring with neighboring communities. This, together with the move toward trade and migrant farming obviated the need to change residence from time to time. As noted previously this nomadic lifestyle encouraged light furnishings and the ability to travel lightly if one wanted to secure valuable possessions. The Anglo-Saxons were adamant in their perception of the necessity for a bed. The bed was reserved for royalty and ladies of nobility. However, as the Medieval period settled into a more stable state the gradual growth into domesticity became more grounded. Ladies began to dress more formally, and the upper classes became more polished. New and more pronounced domestic furnishings sprung up in the Medieval home. For instance, upper floors were added and stairs would follow this alteration. Domestic socialization reached its peak with the introduction of ‘the parloir’ or ‘talking room’. (Gella 2002 pps 5-10) Completing this domestic setting fire places made of brick or stone were inserted refining the overall decorum where previously a gaping hole was utilized for escaping smoke. Even the sleeping quarters took on a new look, one of domestic harmony and comfort. ‘Bedsteads were carved and draped with rich hangings. Armoires made of oak and enriched with carving, and Presses date from about the end of the eleventh century. ’(Litchfield 2004) Medieval France was no different from Anglo-Saxon decor. The domestic chamber was similar to that of the Anglo-Saxons and typical European knight and lady ‘bedroom’ settings. (Kauper 1996 p 146) ‘The prie dieu chair was generally at the bedside, and had a seat which lifted up, the lower part forming a box-like receptacle for devotional books then so regularly used by a lady of the time. (Litchfield 2004) As the fourteenth century came to a close Medieval France and much of Europe witnessed a propensity toward loud colors. A typical room in a castle or palace was adorned with ‘cloth of gold, bordered with vermilion velvet embroidered with roses. ’(Litchfield 2004) A Duke’s room would contain trimmings of gold material of embroidered windmills whereas a Duchess’s room would contain similar trimmings of an em broidered crossbow. Carpets were generally glossy and cushions of gold or some other rich coloring were typically placed on the floor during summer months. The time spent at home was evidenced by the detail and attention given to arm chairs of the time. Litchfield describes a typical chair for a princess as . a chamber chair with four supports, painted in fine vermilion, the seat and arms of which are covered in vermilion morocco, or cordovan, worked and stamped with designs representing the sun, birds, and other devices bordered with fringes of silk and studded with nails. (Litchfield 2004) As commerce developed through the Empires of The Middle Ages there was a development of the middle classes. The domestic values of the middle classes are also manifested by the furnishings and fittings of a typical home of a dealer. The retail dealer’s wife dressed in silk and was provided pillows adorned with buttons made of Oriental pearls for resting her arms and head. (Boissonnade 2002 pp 3-8) The chair which represents comfort and stability is prominent throughout Medieval Europe also had a place in the German community. (See figure 1) Litchfield pays homage to a typical chair of German construction of the times. ‘The famous choir stalls in the Cathedral of Ulm, which are considered the finest work of the Swabian school of German wood carving. The magnificent panels of foliage on the front, the Gothic triple canopy are adorned with the busts of Isaiah, David, and Daniel. ’(Litchfield 2004)

Perceptions Of Rape And Sexual Assault Sociology Essay

Perceptions Of Rape And Sexual Assault Sociology Essay Through the course of this essay Irina Anderson ¿Ã‚ ½s research into rape perception will be critically analysed. This essay will firstly summarise the research and then go through each hypothesis, the methodology employed and the ideas put forward within the discussion will be assessed due to their respective strengths and weaknesses. In addition to this there will be a section commenting on the place of this research within rape research at large. Some of the problems associated with results of this research and the conclusions drawn from it will be looked at also. Finally suggestions on ways to overcome these problems will also be investigated. As this analysis takes place within the context of Social Psychology Andersons research will thus be viewed through the lens of theories relating to attitudes. This was first put forward by Allport who defined attitudes as  ¿Ã‚ ½A mental and neural state of readiness, organised through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influen ce upon the individual ¿Ã‚ ½s response to all objects and situations with which it is related ¿Ã‚ ½ (Allport,1935 p.810). due to the gendered nature of rape perception this research is much needed in building a frame work for how rape is seen by the public. The abstract is very clear and to the point and succinctly condenses the research. The three hypothesises under investigation are what is the current perception of female rape, whether this perception is applicable to male rape or are there elements of cultural lag in male rape. Despite previous research it was found that these hypothesises were proved wrong during the study During the introduction these foundation of the hypothesises under investigation are laid. It was found that past research had shown that female rape was most commonly seen  ¿Ã‚ ½stranger rape ¿Ã‚ ½. The Stranger rape stereotype (SRS) is a script which constructs rape as occurring between two people who do not know each other, the act usually happens at night with the  ¿Ã‚ ½struggling victim subdued ¿Ã‚ ½, etc. However studies have shown that contrary to this scenario the vast majority of female rapes 78-84% (Gavey 2005, Koss 1988) are committed by males known to the victim this disparity between official statistics and public perceptions is part of the basis of this study. It is argues that changes in rape perception, brought on by demystifying of rape myths by the media , the breakdown of gender roles and reports which suggest that a broader definition of rape is being used have combined to contribute to the complete rejection of the traditional SRS paradigm into that of ac quaintance rape. Though Gavey p 17-49 has examined the move away from traditional stranger rape paradigm, especially from the 1970 ¿Ã‚ ½s onward, a complete reversal of public thinking does not seem to be completely supported. However as participants within this study were asked to  ¿Ã‚ ½generate their own lists of information ¿Ã‚ ½ it was expected that an answer to this question would be found through the course of Andersons research. One of the most important points that can be drawn from the introduction is what seem to be a lack of research following on from Kahn ¿Ã‚ ½s work regarding a concrete separation of and definition of public attitudes to the differences between acquaintance rape and seduction (Kahn 2004). The overlap between these terms as outlined by Kahn may lead to general confusion and it may be argued that without a clear differentiation between these terms present research into the conceptualisation of female rape may be hampered. In order to address these questions, this current research is vital is analysing what a female rape will be conceptualised as. The results pertaining to the first hypothesis are analysed within the discussion section, which is the well structured and logical it begins by addressing the first findings regarding the first hypothesis was directly contradicted by the results of the experiment. It is well argued that a possible reason for this opposition was due in part to the problems  ¿Ã‚ ½blame attribution ¿Ã‚ ½ where by participants described scenarios in which the victim would be less likely to  ¿Ã‚ ½invite societal blame ¿Ã‚ ½. From this analysis the issue of societal blame appears to be highly salient in rape perception. Moreover in descriptions of a typical rape Anderson asserts that respondents appear to convey scenarios in which no level of blame may be attached to the victim and suggests that further research should concentrate on whether participants are describing what they see as the reality of typical rapes or if other factors, namely blame attribution play a part in the results. Research c learing up this ambiguity would do much to further the study of public rape perception. The second intention of Anderson ¿Ã‚ ½s research is to ascertain whether or not male rape is seen along the same parameters as date/acquaintance rape in females. It is stated that due to a lack of data concerning male rape cause by low report rates and the propagation of rape myths and misconceptions that the research into the public perception of male rape has in not been given the attention which it deserves . From the information gathered in previous in previous studies (Donnelly and Kenyon 1996) it has been hypothesised that if the current opinion of female rape is characterised within the parameters of acquaintance/date rape and that male rape is more commonly seen within the older SRS model. The second part of the discussion directly deals with the results relating to this hypothesis. From the analysis undertaken female rape may still be generally seen along the lines of a  ¿Ã‚ ½stranger- acquaintance rape continuum ¿Ã‚ ½. However the results show that male rape is viewed along completely dissimilar lines to female rape. From these findings Anderson argues that  ¿Ã‚ ½male rape perception may be characterised by (a) erroneous and mythical perception ¿Ã‚ ½. These other factors include descriptions of the act of rape, the relative strength of the perpetrator and victim, sexual orientation and the motivation of the rape being sexual urges [rather than power related]. The fact that some of the factors attributed to male rape include homosexuality and that homophobic belief The hypothesis of the  ¿Ã‚ ½cultural lag ¿Ã‚ ½ of male rape was however not supported during the course of the research. Finding show that male rape does not lag behind female rape, rather  ¿Ã‚ ½other ¿Ã‚ ½ factors not found the SRS/AR models were drawn upon when conceptualising male rape. These  ¿Ã‚ ½other ¿Ã‚ ½ factors make up a fourth hypothesis in the method section were not previously mentioned within the introduction or hypothesis summary. The failure to include this fourth hypothesis previously, which directly addresses the  ¿Ã‚ ½other ¿Ã‚ ½ factors associated with male rape appears to be an oversight. However though it is very useful in helping to make sense of the data as a whole, the late formulation, or at least labelling of this as a hypothesis, subverts the initial aims of the experiment and calls into question the validity of the data coded within this section. The inclusion of this section also further widens the scope of this limited study. Considering the limited data which may be collected from such a small (119 people) and highly privileged sample of the population. In light of the three main interconnected hypothesises the extension to a fourth hypothesis principally concerned with factors initially outside the experiments design leads to a true weakening of this study. Though this data is well coded and analysed, there can be no doubt that this section places strain upon the method section of this study as a whole. The third intention of this current research is to analyse the differences of response between male and female respondents. All previous studies which consider male and female attitudes to rape have shown a strong divergence between attitudes along the gender divide. This it is argued is unsurprising due firstly the fact that men generally have less knowledge about or contact with rape, and secondly due to the fact that  ¿Ã‚ ½historically been the victims of violence while men have been the perpetrators ¿Ã‚ ½. In agreement with this it is demonstrated that men more often agree than disagree with rape myths, empathise less and  ¿Ã‚ ½hold less tolerant attitudes towards victims (Jiminez Abreu,2003) In addition to this Andersons previous research has found that men possess more homophobic attitudes that women in regards to male rape. This is backed up solidly by previous research, which in summery states that as men experience rape less and that as the issue of rape is less promi nent within the male consciousness. Men will extrapolate their knowledge of female rape, to a male scenario along the SRS paradigm. In drawing out the reasons for the predominance of factors such as homosexuality and homophobia associated with male but not female rape Anderson puts forward several reasons as to why this may be the case, the first is that participants may simply be  ¿Ã‚ ½expressing their disgust at this act ¿Ã‚ ½ (Davies, 2002). Secondly use homophobic language as a means of distancing the participants from the victim so at to keep their  ¿Ã‚ ½masculinity intact ¿Ã‚ ½ and to also remove the possibility that they (the male participants ) could themselves be raped. This is a very interesting point which is well argued and is a convincing analysis of the data presented. The recommendation given for further research investigating the connection between sexuality and homophobia in relation to conceptualizations of male rape and the blame attributed to victims is well founded and may go some way in explaining why these factors have gained such prominence in this research. Through course of critically analysing the current research many issues of importance have become apparent. Firstly any research which furthers the field of rape perception is of huge importance. It is also of paramount importance to educating the public at large about the predominant trends of rape within society. With regard the article under review some very important questions have been raised by this study. The fact that all but one of hypothesis has been proved false may be seen in part as a cause for alarm. This is particularly evident in the case that female rape perception has seemed to have lost its cultural lead over supposed paradigms of male rape. This calls for a reassessment of assumptions that female rape is typically seen within the AR framework. Secondly the fact that male rape is not seen either as SRS or AR and is viewed in often homophobic terms may be interpreted differently than to Andersons theory that homophobia is a form of distancing on the part of male par ticipants, it may be interpreted as evidence that homophobia is much more prominent in society than previously assumed. The difference between male and female respondents has not been clearly addressed either, it seems from previous research that more than ever there is now a pressing need to educate males within society about the various aspects of rape. From analysing this research it seems that very little was confirmed or disproved about rape attitudes and perceptions, this research has in turn raised more questions than it answers. In conducting future research it would be advisable to approach one hypothesis at a time, using a much larger sample of the population. In addition to this a more careful use of wording of research questions may also benefit future studies, for example the question what are the predominant circumstances of a male/female rape may address the hypothesis more clearly than the use of the phrase  ¿Ã‚ ½typical ¿Ã‚ ½. This leads us to ask further questi ons about the problematic nature of this type of research. Anderson ¿Ã‚ ½s current research acknowledges some of the shortcomings of the present study including the fact that the research participants used for the study were from a student population, despite this acknowledgement it would be naive to generalise these findings due to the particularities associated with a student sample to the population at large. Some of the main problems associated with using a student population for this type of are that as supported by the research that rape may be an issue generally held in the student consciousness. Secondly the predominantly young age participants, mean age 21.2, could perhaps play a large part in how rape is conceptualised. This is especially important considering that the age group of these students suggest that they have been brought up within the AR framework. A larger study would show how the population at large conceptualise rape. It can be argued that perhaps even previously un-theorised concepts of rape may be found as a resul t of such a study. It would also be of great interest to investigate what the current perceptions of marital/partner rape is. Another important factor which  ¿Ã‚ ½may have affected findings ¿Ã‚ ½ is that up to 34% of the participant were from ethnic minorities. Anderson argues that this factor may have altered the outcome of the study. It may however be argued that the inclusion of ethnic minorities may in fact give the present study a higher degree of validity and allow this research to be generalised. Regardless of the supposed  ¿Ã‚ ½less tolerant perceptions of rape ¿Ã‚ ½ within minority communities (Nagel, 2005), the hypothesised informed attitudes of the student population appear to be unfounded. This finding adds to the overall confusion of the results presented. At present it is impossible to say whether the inclusion of these minorities have lead to a substantial change in the findings of the survey. Further studies along the lines of Nagel ¿Ã‚ ½s research are to be suggested. This work should concentrate on the questions of race, ethnicity and class should be dealt with as a means of aidi ng the understanding of rape perceptions in the public at large. In conclusion the current body of research into rape perception is clearly lacking. The findings of some previous research which are not supported by this study are a serious problem which must in due course be addressed. Furthermore Andersons unsupported hypothesises clearly show the need for further and more directed research into the area of public rape perceptions. Some interesting points were brought up which also require further research, most importantly the fact that female rape perception is still categorised along the lines of SRS rather than AR. In addition to this the evidence produced regarding the  ¿Ã‚ ½other ¿Ã‚ ½ factors associated with male rape also warrant investigation. Anderson ¿Ã‚ ½s suggestion that further studies concentrating on blame attribution is a logical and well reasoned course of action and is highly advisable. In summery past and present research has shown gaps in the understanding of how the public view rape scripts. This research has done much to highlight this problem. It can only be hoped that further research and public education can lead to an increased awareness and understanding on the topic of rape.

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his dramatic works, Shakespeare has provided insights into human nature which, in the opinion of many of his disciples, equal those of the greatest modern psychologists. The impact of the Bard's insights is compounded by a masterful use of the language which makes him the mostly widely studied English writer. Church records indicate that William Shakespeare was baptised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire on April 26, 1564. April 23 is widely accepted as his date of birth. His father was a respected tradesman (a glover who was involved in a variety of commercial activities) who held several important municipal offices. Shakespeare was probably educated at the local grammar school. He would have viewed local theatrical productions by groups of travelling players. When he was eighteen he married the twenty-six year old Anne Hathaway. In May of 1583 she gave birth to their first daughter, Susanna. In 1585, twins, named Hamnet and Judith, were born. Shortly thereafter, Shakespeare left Stratford. It is speculated that he was fleeing prosecution for poaching deer on the property of a local nobleman. By about 1587 he had arrived in London and begun his career as an actor and playwright. His success earned him the jealousy of rivals such as Richard Greene who condemned him as "an upstart crow" in 1592. The following is a chronological listing of Shakespeare's canon of plays and poetry: 1588-93 - The Comedy of Errors 1588-92 - Henry VI (three parts) 1592-93 - Richard III 1592-94 - Titus Andronicus 1593-94 - The Taming of the Shrew 1593-94 - The Two Gentlemen of Verona 1593-94 - "The Rape of Lucrece" 1593-1600 - "Sonnets" 1588-95 - Love's Labor's Lost 1594-96 - Romeo and Juliet 1595 - Richard II 1594-96 - A Midsummer Night's Dream 1590-97 - King John 1592 - "Venus and Adonis" 1596-97 - The Merchant of Venice 1597 - Henry IV (Part I) 1597-98 - Henry IV (Part II) 1598-1600 - Much Ado About Nothing 1598-99 - Henry V 1599 - Julius Caesar 1599-1600 - As You Like It 1600-02 - Twelfth Night 1600-OI - Hamlet 1597-1601 - The Merry Wives of Windsor 1600-OI - "The Phoenix and the Turtle" 160I-02 - Troilus and Cressida 1602-04 - All's Well That Ends Well 1603-04 - Othello 1604 - Measure for Measure 1604-09 - Timon of Athens 1605-06 - King Lear 1605-06 - Macbeth 1606-07 - Antony and Cleopatra 1607-09 - Coriolanus 1608-09 - Pericles 1609-IO - Cymbeline 16IO-II - The Winter's Tale 16II - The Tempest 16I2-I3 - Henry VIII 16I3 - The Two Noble Kinsmen In 1594, Shakespeare joined The Chamberlain's Men, a theatrical company which enjoyed the patronage of the royal court.